Pneumatic hammer



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

. J BCHE, Jr

PNBUMATIG HAMMER.

Patented Apr. 28, 1896. l.

ANDREW BISANMVK4 PHUTOLITHQWASHINGDN. D.C

(No Model.) l 2 sheets-sheet 2.

l` J. CHE, Jr.

' PNEUMTI HAMMER. I No. 559,251. i Patented Apr. 28, 1896.

IZ@ J. E

UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE.

JEAN snor-ni, JR., or ncKnswAcEN, GERMANY.

PN EU MATIC HAIVIM ER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 559,251, dated April28, 1896.

Application meer December 17,1895. seria Ne. 572,483. (No medew To allwhom it may concern:

Be it known that l, JEAN BCH, Jr., manufacturer, a subject of the Kingof Prussia, German Emperor, and a resident of Hckeswagen, in theProvince of the Rhine, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, have inventedImprovements in Pneumatic Hammers, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention refers to pneumatic hammers of that kind in which theram, rammel', or monkey is formed by a cylinder containing a piston, andin which said cylinder is operated from said piston by the mediation ofair that is inclosed within the said cylinder above or below the saidpiston. There are in a hammer of said kind thee movements or blows ofthe ram, rammer, or monkey-1l. e., of the cylinderdependent on themovements of the piston, and the latter is to be set going or is to bestopped if the cylinder is to strike or is not to strike. Owing theretothe regulation of the number oi' blows and of their strength is inhammers ofthe said kind a difficult one.

My improvements in the machines in question relate to means for. doingaway with the drawbacks mentioned at the end of the foregoing paragraph,and -I attain that object by the construction shown in the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side view of my improved hammer, themain working parts being in vertical section, the latter being taken online 5 6 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a front view of said hammer, the mainworking partsY being in vertical section. Figs. 3 and 4t are twohorizontal sections taken on lines 7 8 of Fig. 2, and showing twodifferent positions of the eluef- The guide-piece a for the monkey b isconstructed in the form of a cylinder, and the cross-head c of thepiston-rod d is formed into a piston adapted to move up and down withinsaid cylinder a. There are thus in my improved machine two pistonsconnected by a common rod and moving simultaneously upward and downwardwithout altering their relative distance. The upper one, c, of saidpistons forms, together with the monkey b, a chamber c. A lateraltube-like extension a', Figs. 2 to 4e, of the cylinder a serves as acasing for a plug f, which may be turned from the shaft g by means ofthe lever h and the link 1i. The shaft g is for that purpose providedwith a handle g'. The plug 5 5 f forms in its upper part a seat for avalve 7s, which is acted upon by a spring constantly tending to closesaid valve. It is thus seen that air may be forced out of the chamber eat any time, but can be sucked in only if the 6o passage through theparts a f is open.

Suppose the passage be open. The monkey h will be raised'andlowered-*11. e., caused to strike-at every stroke of its piston U, aswill be clear without further explanation to every one versed in the artin question. If, however, the monkey is to cease striking, the plug f isturned so as to close the outer end of the air-channel a', when thefurther action will be as follows: The piston c, moving rap- 7o idlyupward, causes the air contained within the chamber e to rareiy, whereasthe air contained within the monkey b above the piston b is compressedby this piston. Owing to the rapid movement of the piston b the degreeof compression of the air is very strong, and the monkey is suddenlythrown upward with considerable force, the more as the air Y within thechamber e is in a rarefied state. In consequence of the compression onone side 8o and the rarefaction on the other side the powerful upwardmovement of the monkey continues after the same movement of the piston hhas ceased, and a corresponding part of the air contained within thechamber 8 5 e is thus driven out through the valve 7a. The space iinallyremaining between the piston c and the monkey in the highest position ofthe latter is, in fact, only a seventh or an eighth of what it was inthe lowest position of said 9o two parts.

The piston c, and consequently the piston h' too, never stop in theirreciprocating motion. There is, however, the difference that the strokesof said two pistons are invariably of the same length, whereas thestrokes of the monkey become considerably shorter .after the outer endof the channel through a has been closed by the plug f, said latterstrokes being then so short that a comparatively roo great distanceremains between the anvil and the monkey in the lowest position of thelatter. The space between the monkey and the piston c does not, as amatter of course, re-

main as small as described at the end of the foregoing paragraph; but,on the other hand, said space does not again become as large as itformerly had been, the rare'faction on one side and the atmosphericpressure on the other side preventing the monkey from assuming itsproper lowermost position. The monkey regains the latter position-i. e.,begins again to strike-as soon as the plug f is opened. If said plug isfully or nearly fully opened, the strength of the blows of the monkeywill be the greatest attainable. If, however, the plug` is but slightlyopened, the strength of the blows will be correspondingly decreased, thedegree of strength being dependent on the degree of opening of the plug.The monkey is governed by the movements of the plug f or of the handleg, respectively, with remarkable exactness, and the number of blows, aswell as their strength, may be regulated perfectly at will.

The construction of the piston b is old; but for the sake ofcompleteness I will give a short explanation of the purpose of thechannels and ball-valves arranged within said piston.

The piston-rod d contains a channel d, which is at its lower end closedby a ballvalve m, the ball of which is preferably supported by a spring,and opens at its upper end by any suitable aperture (not shown) into theatmosphere. Said channel d' communicates by the angular channel b2 withthe chamber above the said piston b; but said communication is normallyinterrupted bya valve m', arranged in the upper part of said channel b2.

The purpose of the arrangements just described is to prevent the arisingof a vacuum in either of the chambers of the monkey b. If, for instance,the piston b is caused to remain for a rather long time in its upperposition, the air contained and compressed within the upper chamber ofthe monkey will slowly be forced away by the weight of the latter. lVhenthereafter the machine is to work again and the piston b' is to moveaway from the upper part of the monkey, there then occur in the properworking of the machine disturbances resulting from the vacuum in theupper chamber of the monkey b. Such disturbances are effectively avoidedby the use of the valve m', in that in the case aforestated air mayent-er the empty space through the channels d b2, but cannot leave thatspace through these channels. This is also the case with the lowerchamber of the monkey Z) and the valve m, and I think I may, after theexplanation above given, abstain from repeating the same.

Having thus fully described the nature of this invention, what I desireto secure by Letters Patent of the United States isl. In a pneumatichammer having as a monkey a cylinder operated by a piston arrangedwithin said cylinder, the combination with the said cylinder or monkey,of a second cylinder forming a guide for said monkey, and of a secondpiston connected with the first piston, and moving within said secondcylinder; and means for rarefying the air contained within the spacebetween the said monkey and said second piston, for the purpose asdescribed.

2. In a pneumatic hammer having as a monkey a cylinder operatedbyapiston arranged within said cylinder, the combination with the saidcylinder or monkey, of a second cylinder forming a guide for saidmonkey, and of a second piston connected with said iirst piston, andmoving within said second cylinder; a valve adapted to be automaticallyoperated by the air contained in the space between the monkey and saidsecond piston; and means for controlling the operation of said valvecompulsorily, for the purpose as described.

3. In a pneumatic hammer having as a monkey a cylinder operated by apiston arranged within said cylinder, the combination with the saidcylinder or monkey, of a second cylinder forming a guide for saidmonkey, and of a second piston, connected with said iirst piston, andmoving within said second cylinder; a valve or plug adapted to put theair contained within the space between the said monkey and said secondpiston into communication or non-communication with the outer air; asecond valve arranged within or upon said first valve, and adapted to beactuated by the air contained within said space; and means for operatingthe said iirst valve compulsorily, substantially and for the purpose asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I have signed this speciiication in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses. A

JEAN BEGIIE, JR. lVitnesses:

T. H. SrRAUss, A. STRAUss.

IOO

